Process of manufacturing smoking-pipes.



No. 702,708. Patented lune I7,' I902.

W. C. CUNNINGHAM.

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING SMOKING PIPES.

(Application filed Mar. 21, 1902.)

2 Sheets5heat I.

(llo Model.)

V No. 702,708. -'Patented lune I7, 1902.

- w. c. cuuumaumm PRUCESS UF MANUFACTURINESMOKING PiPES.

(Application filed Mar. 21, 1902.) (No Model.) 2 S heetsSheet 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIc WALTER O. CUNNINGHAM, OF ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA,ASSIGNOR TO NORA L. CUNNINGHAM, OF ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA, AND OTIS P.I-IIGDON, OF OTTUMWA, IOIVA.

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING SMOKING-PIPES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 702,708, dated June17, 1902.

Application filed March 21, 1902. Serial No. 99,242, (No modeld To aZZwhom it may concern: In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 Be it knownthat I, WALTER (J. OUNNING- is a perspective view of a divided or openHAM, a citizen of the United States, residing pipe the bowl and shank ofwhich are formed at St. Paul,in the county of Ramsey and State by myimproved process of manufacture.

. of Minnesota, have invented a new, useful, Figs. 2 and 3 are sideelevational views illusand Improved Process of Manufacturing trating thecooperating faces of the compan- Smoking-Pipes, of which the followingis a ion halves of the bowl. Fig. 4c is a cross-secspecification. tionon the line at l of Fig. 1. Figs. 5, 6, and

This invention has relation to that class of 7 are detail plan views ofinterchangeable 1'0 smoking-pipes in which the bowl and its andcooperating members of a mold, whereshank are divided lengthwise of thepipe into by my invention may be carried out. Fig. 8 two companionsections which are detachis a detail side elevation of a core-block orably interlocked, so that upon separating the displacer which is adaptedto cooperate with sections the interior of the bowl and the the membersof the mold in the production i5 smoke-passage are exposed and can beconof the pipe; and Figs. 9 and 10 are cross-secveniently and thoroughlycleansed. Pipes tional views through different cooperating of thisgeneral character are illustrated in members of the mold, illustratingthe order Letters Patent of the United States No. and manner in whichthe mating halves of 628,395, granted to me July 4, 1899, and in Letthepipe bowl and stem are formed.

o ters Patent of the United States No. 665,187, I will first describethe structure and forgranted to me January 1, 1901. mation of the moldmembers by the aid of The object of mypresent invention is to which mypresent invention is carried out, produce an improved pipe of thecharacter and will then describe the manner or process specified, whichobject is carried out through of forming the article thereby.

5 the employment of a new and improved Referring to Fig. 5, 11designates a mold method or process of manufacturing such a member,whichmayconvenientlyand cheaply pipe, which method or process constitutes thebe made of lead, clay, or any other suitable subject-matter of mypresent invention. material and wl1ichhasabed12, shaped to con- Incarrying out the process of manufacture form to the external contour ofa longitudinal 30 involved in my presentinventionlseparately half of apipe bowl and shank. The mold form the constituent elements of the pipeby member also preferably has on opposite sides the operations ofmolding. I have discovof the open face thereof a pair of upstanding eredthat in order to secure accurate and satpins 13 and 1%. In Fig. 6 isshown a comisfactory results in the manufacture of a panion mold member,(designated as an en- 35 molded pipe the constituent elements of thetirety by15,) which mold member is provided pipe should be formed orcast in a certain orwith a bed 16, shaped to conform to the exder and ina certain intimate relation to and ternal contour of the otherlongitudinal half association with each other. of the bowl and shank andhaving on the op- My invention therefore resides in a procposite sidesof the face thereof a pair of sock- 0 ess or method of manufacture whichhas as ets or holes 17 and 18, adapted when the two 0 its most salientfeature the molding of' the members are brought into matingjuxtaposipipe-bowl and its shank successively in contion to be enteredby the pins 123 and 14, retacting mating sections which are adapted tospectively, of the member 11. register with each other. Fig. 7represents a third mold member,

45 My invention further consists in the abovewhich is designated as anentirety by 19. 5 described process of manufacture, wherein This memberhas formed upon its upper face the several operations are carried out ina a displacer 20, which conforms in respect to certain order and theseparable elements of size, external contour, and location with the thedevice are formed in a certain relation to size, form, and relativelocation of one-half 50 each other. of the chamber of the pipe-bowl. Ithas also formed thereon a rib 21, which conforms in size, externalcontour, and relative location to the size, contour, and location of thesmokepassage in the bowl and shank of the pipe. The mold memberlf) isstill further provided with a pair of ribs 22 and 23, located on eitherside of the rib 21 and between the latter and the outer margins of themold. The ribs 21, 22, and 23 have the same function as the displacer 20to displace the material which in the molding operation lies directlyopposite and in thepath of said projections. The mold member 19 also hasa pair of sockets or holes 21 and 25, corresponding in relative locationto the similar sockets and holes 17 and 18 of the member 15.

Referring now to Fig. 8, 25 designates a core-block or displacer, whichmay be made of the same material as that of the molds. The dimensionsand external contour of this core-block correspond with the dimensionsand form of the complete chamber of the bowl, and to the lower end ofthe core-block is connected a tail-like extension 26, which in theoperation of molding is adapted to form the smoke-passage in one-half ofthe bowl and shank and which corresponds in form, dimensions, andrelative location to the core-block to the form and dimensions of thecomplete smoke-passage and its location relatively to the chamber of thebowl.

The operation of molding and forming the pipe with the aid of theimplements hereinabove described is carried out as follows: A suitablequantity of plaster-of-paris is mixed with the required amount of waterto reduce the same to a sufficiently plastic condition for moldingpurposes and is preferably colored with a solution of Bismarck brown. Asuitable quantity of this material is then packed in the chamber 12 ofthe drag 11, said chamber being filled until the upper surface of thematerial is flush or substantially flush with the top of the walls ofthe drag. The top surface of the material in the drag 11 is then oiled,after which the cope member 19 of the mold is deposited face downwardupon the filled drag, the holes 24- and 25 being carried down over thedowel-pins 13 and 1 1 to insure an accurate registration of the two moldmembers, after which a sufficient pressure is applied to the top or backof the cope to force the margins of its face into contact with thecorresponding meeting margins of the drag, all as plainly shown in Fig.9. The mold, with its contents, is then allowed to rest about tenminutes, which insures a proper set and hardening of the material. Uponthen removing the cope the molded and set material lying in the dragwill be found to possess the form of a half-section of the pipe bowl andshank, such as is illustrated and designated as an entirety by 12 inFig. 2, the several displacers 20, 21, 22, and 23 of the cope havingformed a hemibowl-chamber 20, a hemismoke-passage 21, and joint-grooves22 and 23, respectively, in the manner plainly indicated in Fig. 9. Theindented and chambored top surface of the pipe-section 12 withoutremoval from the drag is then oiled, after which the core-plug 25 andits connected tailpiece 26 are laid in the chamber 20 and smoke-passage21, the lower longitudinal halves of said parts just filling the saidindentations and their upper longitudinal halves lying above the planeof the top surface of the already-molded pipe-section, as plainly shownin Fig. 10, and occupying the proper relative positions to serve asdisplacers for the companion section of the pipe in the second moldingoperation, now to be described. The third mold member 15,which, like themember 19, possesses the character of a cope member, is then filled withsimilar plastic material in precisely the manner already described inconnection with the loading of the drag member 11. The exposed flatsurface of this material having been oiled, the loaded cope 15 isinverted and deposited face downward upon the drag 11 and its contents,which, it will be remembered, consist of the already-formed pipe-section12 and the core-block 25 and tailpiece 26, seated therein. The sockets17 and 18 of the member 15 are carried down over the dowel-pins 13 and11 of the dragin order to insure an accurate registra tion of themeeting faces of the two mold memhere, after which pressure is appliedto the top or back of the member 15, forcing the edges of itscontainingwalls down into contact or substantial contact with thecorresponding and mating edges of the coi'itaining-walls of theunderlying drag in the manner clearly evident from Fig. 10. In thisoperation it will be observed that the core-block .5 displaces andcompresses the plastic material of the upper section 12, Fig. 3, of thebowl being molded, forming therein the hemibowlchamber 20, while thetailpiece 26 in the same manner forms the hemismoke-passage 21, whichcommunicates with the lower end of the hemibowl chamber. In thisoperation of pressing together the meeting faces of the hard and softpipe-sections the plastic material of the latter section enters andfills the oiled locking-grooves 22" and 23 of the hardened andalready-formed pipe-section 12, thus creating on the face of thelater-formed sections 12 upstanding ribs 22 and 23",whieh exactlyconform to and lit the mating grooves 22 and 23, forming therewith aninterfitting and virtually air-tight joint when the companion halves ofthe pipe bowl and shank are connected, 1' shown in Fig. 1. The mold andits contents are then allowed to rest about ten minutes, which effects acomplete hardening and set of the upper section, after which the mold isopened by separating the two sec tions thereof and the contents removed.The

molded and hardened pipe-sections after removal from the mold are thendipped in boiled linseed-oil or melted paraflin-wax or some otherequivalent hardening and preserving medium, which. penetrates and fillsall the fine interstices in the surface of the material and gives to thelatter a smooth, hardened, and finished appearance and in connectionwith the coloring-matter produces in the finished article an appearanceclosely resembling that of French brier and. similar forms of wood fromwhich pipe-bowls are extensively made. This done,the two sections thusmolded and finished may be united in complete pipe form, as illustratedin Fig. 1, by the application of a suitable clamping-ferrule 27,connecting said shank with a stem and mouthpiece 28. By virtue of thedescribed method of molding the two sections one on top of and incontact with the other the fit between the meeting faces is rendered soperfect as to form an air-tight joint thereat, which in an article ofthis characteris a prime necessity, while the interlocking ribs andgrooves effectually prevent any relative sliding movement ordisplacement between the meeting faces of the sections.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the important and salientfeature of my improved process of manufacturing a molded pipe-bowlresides not alone in the molding of the same in separate mating andinterfitting sections or halves, but also in molding said halves bysuccessive as distinguished from simultaneous operations, and,furthermore, in molding one section upon the other previously molded andhardened section, whereby the mating and interfitting elements of onesection receive their form and character from the companion mating orinterfitting elements of the other section, so as to effect therewith anexceedingly-intimate and practically perfect and air-tight joint. I havefound from repeated experiments and failures that in order to secure aninterfitting joint between the contacting faces of the two sections ofan open or divided pipe it is essential to mold the face of one sectiondirectly upon the opposing and previouslymolded face of the othersection. My experience has satisfied me that it is impossible to moldtwo such sections as are shown in Figs. 2 and 3 in two separate andindependent molds, for the principal reason that it is practicallyimpossible to make two such molds such perfect counterparts of eachother as that the resulting products therefrom will perfectly interfiteach other to the extent required for the purposes of such an article asthat herein described. What I regard, therefore, as the most importantstep in my present process of manufacturing pipes of this type consistsin the molding of one section directly upon and against the opposingmeeting face of the other section previously molded and hardened,whereby results are secured that can be obtained in no other way.

It will be observed that so far as the formation of the interfittingribs and grooves is concerned the ribs might be formed on the section 12instead of the grooves in the first molding operation, the result ofwhich would be that grooves instead of ribs would be formed on thesection 12 in the second molding operation. Such a modification in theprocess would be self-evident and fully within the scope of myinvention.

I claim- 1. The herein-described improvement in the art of making opensmoking-pipes, which consists in first molding a section of the bowl andits shank, subsequently molding the companion section of the bowl andits shank with its inner face against and in contact with the inner faceof the section first molded, and finally separably uniting said sectionsin operative and complete form, substantially as described.

2. The herein-described improvement in the art of making opensmoking-pipes, which consists in first molding a longitudinalhalfsection of the bowl and its shank, subse quently molding thecompanion half-section of the bowl and shank with its inner face againstand in contact with the inner face of the section first molded, andfinally separably uniting said sections in operative and complete form,substantially as described.

3. The herein-described improvement in the art of making opensmoking-pipes, which consists in first molding a longitudinalhalfsection of the bowl and its shank, then molding the companionhalf-section of the bowl and shank with its inner face against and incontact with the inner face of the section first molded, then subjectingthe molded and hardened sections to an oil-bath, and finally separablyuniting said sections in operative and complete form, substantially asdescribed.

WALTER O. CUNNINGHAM.

Witnesses:

WM. lWIcNE'rrr, ELLA HIGDON.

